Founder of the Maratha EmpireChhatrapatiShivajiMaharaj(1674–80)Born at ShivneriFort (1630)Father - ShahjiBhonsle | Mother- Jija BaiReligious Teacher- Samarth Ramdas1660 - ShaistaKhan (DeccanGovernor) sent byAurangzeb;Shivaji lost Poona1663 - Shivajimade bold attackon Shaista Khan1664 - PlunderedSurat and laterAhmadnagar1665 - Raja JaiSingh (Amber)appointed byAurangzeb; JaiSingh succeededbesieging Shivajiat Purandhar.Treaty ofPurandhar signed.Treaty ofPurandhar signed(1665) Shivajiceded some fortsto Mughals andhad to visitMughal court atAgra.1674 - Shivajicoronated atRaigarh; took titleHaindavaDharmodharak(Protector ofHinduism) afterthat he took titleChhatrapatiShivaji.AdministrationIntroducedAshtapradhan(Council of EightMinisters)Chauth was 1/4thi.e. 25% of landrevenue paid toMarathas For notbeing subjected toMarathas raidAdditional levy of10%Sardeshmukhithose lands ofMaharashtra overwhich Marathasclaimed hereditaryrights but thesewere part ofMughal EmpireBattle ofPratapgarh (1659)Fought againstAfzal Khan(AdilshahiSultanatecommander).Shivaji's guerrillatactics led tovictory.Conflict withShaista Khan(1663)Shivaji launched asurprise nightattack in Pune.Shaista Khan wasdefeated andforced to flee.AdministrativeReforms andGovernanceAshtapradhanCouncil - Acouncil of eightministersestablished toassist inadministration.First Peshwa -Balaji Vishwanathwas laterappointed as thefirst Peshwa(Prime Minister).Maratha RulersSambhaji(1680–1689)Son of Shivaji andSaibaiDefeated Rajaram(younger brother)in war ofsuccessionProtected &Supported AkbarII (Aurangzeb’srebellious son).Aurangzeb GaveSambhajigruesome death.Rajaram(1689–1700)Son of Shivaji andSoyarabai (2ndwife)Crowned withhelp of ministersat Rajgarh1698 - Death atSatara (becomesnew Marathacapital after fall ofJinji to Mughal(1698)).New post created- Pratinidhi,increasing totalministers to 9(Ashtapradhan +Pratinidhi)Tarabai(1700–1707)Wife of RajaramRuled as regentfor her son ShivajiIIShahuji(1707–1749)Son of SambhajiRise of Peshwasystem beginsunder his ruleShahu released byMughal EmperorBahadur ShahDefeated Tarabaiin the Battle ofKhed1708 - Title "SenaKarte" (maker ofarmy) given toBalaji Viswanath1713 - BalajiViswanathappointed as firstPeshwaBalaji Viswanath(1713-20)1713 - BecameFirst Peshwa (PMof Marathas),made the postpowerful &hereditaryWith the help ofSyed Brothers(King Maker)Farrukh Siyarascended thethrone.HelpedMuhammad ShahRangila kill SyedBrothersBaji Rao I(1720-40)AppointedPeshwaHe was eldest sonof BalajiViswanathDefeatedNizam-ul-Mulk(Asaf Jah, The 1stNizam ofHyderabad),signed Treaty ofDoraha Sarai withhim.1737 - RaidedDelhiPromoted rise ofMarathaConfederaciesDuring his timevarious MarathaConfederaciescame intoProminence SonBalaji Baji RaoBalaji Baji Rao(1740–1761)Also know asNana Saheb1740 - BecamePeshwa after BajiRao I1761 - 3rd Battleof Panipat(Marathas vsAfghans)Sadashiv RaoBhau ledMarathasAhmad ShahAbdali / Durraniled Afghans2 to 5 lakh deaths(One of thedeadliest war inentire world.)MarathaConfederacies(1720-1818)MarathaConfederaciesPeshwas of PuneGaikwads ofBarodaBhonsle ofNagpurHolkars of IndoreScindias ofGwaliorAnglo-Maratha Wars1st Anglo MarathaWar (1775–1782)Anglo meansEnglishStarted due tointernal conflict(Raghunath Rao'sambition tobecome Peshwa)Led by FinanceMinister NanaFadnavis (Didn'twanted RaghunathRao to becomePeshwa) -Britishers LostTreaty ofWadgaon signed1782 - Treaty ofSalbai ended thewar2nd AngloMaratha War(1803–1805)1802 - Treaty ofBassein signed byBaji Rao IIMarathas lost thewar1803 - SubsidiaryAlliance signedTreaty of Rajghatsigned withHolkarsTreaty ofDeogaon signedwith Bhonsle3rd AngloMaratha War(1817–1818)Known as"Pindari War"The Pindaris waslooting andlaundering andwere part ofMaratha.After the declineof MarathasPindaris were notgetting employedhence lead themto loot theBritishers andother territories.Bristishersattacked MarathasMarathas foughtagainst and it wasdecisive warBaji Rao IIcaptured andexiled to BithoorOne-Liners (MCQFacts)MCQ One-LinersCapital ofMaratha Empireunder Peshwaswon over Shivaji -PoonaShivaji defeatedAdil Shah inBattle ofPratapgarhKavi Bhushan(Literature) servedin courts ofChhatrasal,Shivaji, andAurangzebTanaji Malusare -Maratha Warriorwho DieddefendingSinhagad Fortagainst Mughal.1818 - Treaty ofMadeshwarsigned betweenBritish and Holkarchief.Maratha Empire Timeline (1674-1720)
